Democracy Index 民主指数

below is cited from wikipedia under the term 'democracy index'.下面的内容全部转自维基百科。

The Democracy Index is an index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit that claims to measure the state of democracy in 167 countries, of which 166 are sovereign states and 165 are UN member states. The Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index is based on 60 indicators grouped in five different categories: electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, functioning of government, political participation and political culture. The Index was first produced in 2006, with updates produced in 2008 and 2010.

According to the latest issue of the Index, for 2010 Norway scored a total of 9.80 on a scale from zero to ten, which was the highest result, replacing Sweden which had the highest score in 2008, but slipped to fourth position in 2010. North Korea scored the lowest with 1.08, remaining at the bottom in 167th place, the same as in 2008. The Democracy Index for 2010 highlights the impact of the global financial crisis in 2008–09 on politics throughout most of the world, with the most significant changes happening in Europe. The Democracy Index score was lower in 2010 than in 2008 in 91 countries out of the 167 that are covered, although in the majority of these the deterioration was modest.^[1]

The countries are categorized into full democracies, flawed democracies, hybrid regimes andauthoritarian regimes. In 13 countries there was a change in regime type between 2008 and 2010; in 11 of these there was regression. Notably, negative political trends in France in recent years have resulted in the country being downgraded from a full democracy to the flawed democracy category.^[2] Italy was also downgraded to the flawed democracy category, which the report attributes to the deterioration of media situation since the prime minister Silvio Berlusconireturned to power in 2008. Only two countries (Ghana and Mali in Sub-Saharan Africa) were upgraded, both from hybrid regimes to the flawed democracy category.

民主指数（英语：Democracy Index）是经济学人信息社编制的世界上大多数国家或地区政权的民主程度的指数。该指数衡量了五个指标：选举程序与多样性、政府运作、政治参与、政治文化和公民自由。根据2008年的民主指数报告，瑞典得9.88分，排名第一；北朝鲜0.86分，排名垫底。^[1]政权按得分分为“完全民主”（8至10分）、“部分民主”（6至7.9分）、“混合政权”（4至5.9分）和“独裁政权”（低于4分）四类。

The following table constitutes the number of countries in each category according to 2010 survey.^[1]

Type of regime 政权类型	Countries 国家数	% of countries 占国家总数比例	% of world population 占世界人口比例
Full democracies 完全民主	26	15.6	12.3
Flawed democracies 部分民主	53	31.7	37.2
Hybrid regimes 混合政权	33	19.8	14.0
Authoritarian regimes 独裁政权	55	32.9	36.5

2010 rankings 2010年排名

Note: Rankings are for 2010. Some information may be out of date.^[1]

Most democratic: Norway. Most Autocratic: North Korea.

USA: 17th. China: 136th. Taiwan (Republic of China): 36th.

最民主的国家：挪威。最独裁的国家：北韩。

美国排第17， 中国排第136，台湾排第36。

绿色表示完全民主，黄色表示部分民主，橙色表示混合政权，红色表示独裁政府。中国属于独裁政府。

No.	Location	Index	Category	Nominal type of government
1	Norway	9.80	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
2	Iceland	9.65	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
3	Denmark	9.52	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
4	Sweden	9.50	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
5	New Zealand	9.26	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
6	Australia	9.22	Full democracy	Federalism, constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
7	Finland	9.19	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
8	Switzerland	9.09	Full democracy	Federalism, Directorial system, bicameralism
9	Canada	9.08	Full democracy	Federalism, constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism, semi-direct democracy
10	Netherlands	8.99	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
11	Luxembourg	8.88	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
12	Ireland	8.79	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
13	Austria	8.49	Full democracy	Federalism, parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
14	Germany	8.38	Full democracy	Federalism, parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
15	Malta	8.28	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
16	Czech Republic	8.19	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
17	United States	8.18	Full democracy	Federalism, Constitutional republic, presidential system, bicameralism
18	Spain	8.16	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
19	United Kingdom	8.16	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
20	South Korea	8.11	Full democracy	Presidential system, unicameralism
21	Uruguay	8.10	Full democracy	Presidential system, bicameralism
22	Japan	8.08	Full democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
23	Belgium	8.05	Full democracy	Federalism, Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
24	Mauritius	8.04	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy
24	Costa Rica	8.04	Full democracy	Presidential system
26	Portugal	8.02	Full democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy
27	Cape Verde	7.94	Flawed democracy	Unitary Parliamentary republic
28	Greece	7.92	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy
29	Italy	7.83	Flawed democracy	Bicameralism, parliamentary republic and parliamentary democracy
30	South Africa	7.79	Flawed democracy	Constitutional democracy, bicameralism
31	France	7.77	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system, bicameralism
32	Slovenia	7.69	Flawed democracy	Constitutional democracy, incomplete bicameralism
33	Estonia	7.68	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic, unicameralism
34	Chile	7.67	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, bicameralism
35	Botswana	7.63	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic, unicameralism
36	Republic of China (Taiwan)	7.52	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system
37	Israel	7.48	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
38	Slovakia	7.35	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic, unicameralism
39	Cyprus	7.29	Flawed democracy	Presidential republic, unicameralism
40	India	7.28	Flawed democracy	Federalism, Constitutional republic, parliamentary democracy, bicameralism
41	Lithuania	7.24	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential republic, unicameralism
42	Timor-Leste	7.22	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
43	Hungary	7.21	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic, unicameralism
43	Jamaica	7.21	Flawed democracy	Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism
45	Trinidad and Tobago	7.16	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
46	Panama	7.15	Flawed democracy	Constitutional Democracy
47	Brazil	7.12	Flawed democracy	Federalism, presidential system, bicameralism
48	Poland	7.05	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic, bicameralism
48	Latvia	7.05	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic, unicameralism
50	Mexico	6.93	Flawed democracy	Federalism, Presidential system, republic
51	Argentina	6.84	Flawed democracy	Federalism, Presidential system, bicameralism
51	Bulgaria	6.84	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary democracy
53	Croatia	6.81	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
54	Suriname	6.65	Flawed democracy	Constitutional democracy
55	Sri Lanka	6.64	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system, Democratic Socialist Republic
56	Romania	6.60	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system, bicameralism
57	Colombia	6.55	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, Republic
57	Thailand	6.55	Flawed democracy	Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary democracy, Bicameralism
59	Papua New Guinea	6.54	Flawed democracy	Federalism, Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary democracy
60	Indonesia	6.53	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, Republic
61	El Salvador	6.47	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, Republic
62	Paraguay	6.40	Flawed democracy	Constitutional republic, Presidential system
62	Peru	6.40	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, republic, unicameralism
64	Mongolia	6.36	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system, Republic
65	Serbia	6.33	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
65	Moldova	6.33	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
67	Ukraine	6.30	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system, republic
68	Montenegro	6.27	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
69	Namibia	6.23	Flawed democracy	Republic
70	Dominican Republic	6.20	Flawed democracy	Democratic Republic Representative Democracy
71	Malaysia	6.19	Flawed democracy	Constitutional monarchy and Parliamentary democracy
72	Benin	6.17	Flawed democracy	Republic
73	Macedonia	6.16	Flawed democracy	Parliamentary republic
74	Philippines	6.12	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, Constitutional republic, bicameralism
75	Guyana	6.05	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system, Republic
75	Guatemala	6.05	Flawed democracy	Presidential republic
77	Lesotho	6.02	Flawed democracy	Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary system
77	Ghana	6.02	Flawed democracy	Presidential system, Constitutional republic
79	Mali	6.01	Flawed democracy	Semi-presidential system
80	Hong Kong	5.92	Hybrid regime	Quasi-presidential Autonomous region with limited suffrage, unicameralism
80	Bolivia	5.92	Hybrid regime	Presidential system, Republic
82	Singapore	5.89	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
83	Bangladesh	5.87	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic, Unitary State
84	Albania	5.86	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
85	Malawi	5.84	Hybrid regime	Republic
86	Lebanon	5.82	Hybrid regime	Confessionalist Parliamentary republic
87	Ecuador	5.77	Hybrid regime	Presidential system
88	Honduras	5.76	Hybrid regime	Constitutional republic
89	Turkey	5.73	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
89	Nicaragua	5.73	Hybrid regime	Presidential republic
91	Zambia	5.68	Hybrid regime	Republic
92	Tanzania	5.64	Hybrid regime	Republic
93	Palestine	5.44	Hybrid regime	Semi-presidential system, Parliamentary democracy
94	Bosnia and Herzegovina	5.32	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
95	Senegal	5.27	Hybrid regime	Semi-presidential system
96	Venezuela	5.18	Hybrid regime	Federalism, Presidential system
97	Liberia	5.07	Hybrid regime	Presidential Republic
98	Uganda	5.05	Hybrid regime	Presidential system, Republic
99	Mozambique	4.90	Hybrid regime	Presidential system
100	Cambodia	4.87	Hybrid regime	Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary democracy
101	Kenya	4.71	Hybrid regime	Presidential system
102	Bhutan	4.68	Hybrid regime	Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary democracy
103	Georgia	4.59	Hybrid regime	Semi-presidential system, Republic
104	Pakistan	4.55	Hybrid regime	Islamic republic, Federalism, Parliamentary republic
105	Sierra Leone	4.51	Hybrid regime	Constitutional republic
106	Kyrgyzstan	4.31	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
107	Russia	4.26	Hybrid regime	Federalism, semi-presidential system, bicameralism
108	Nepal	4.24	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
109	Armenia	4.09	Hybrid regime	Presidential republic
110	Burundi	4.01	Hybrid regime	Republic
111	Haiti	4.00	Hybrid regime	Semi-presidential system, republic
111	Iraq	4.00	Hybrid regime	Parliamentary republic
113	Madagascar	3.94	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system
114	Kuwait	3.88	Authoritarian regime	Constitutional monarchy
115	Mauritania	3.86	Authoritarian regime	Islamic republic
116	Morocco	3.79	Authoritarian regime	Constitutional monarchy
117	Jordan	3.74	Authoritarian regime	Constitutional monarchy
118	Ethiopia	3.68	Authoritarian regime	Federalism, Parliamentary republic
119	Fiji	3.62	Authoritarian regime	Military Junta
120	Burkina Faso	3.59	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential system, republic
121	Cuba	3.52	Authoritarian regime	Socialist republic, single-party communist state
122	Bahrain	3.49	Authoritarian regime	Absolute monarchy
123	Nigeria	3.47	Authoritarian regime	Federalism, Presidential system
124	Togo	3.45	Authoritarian regime	Republic
125	Algeria	3.44	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential system, republic
126	Cameroon	3.41	Authoritarian regime	Republic
126	Comoros	3.41	Authoritarian regime	Federal Republic
128	Niger	3.38	Authoritarian regime	Military Junta
128	The Gambia	3.38	Authoritarian regime	Republic
130	Belarus	3.34	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system
131	Angola	3.32	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system
132	Kazakhstan	3.30	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system
133	Gabon	3.29	Authoritarian regime	Republic
134	Rwanda	3.25	Authoritarian regime	Republic
135	Azerbaijan	3.15	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system
136	People's Republic of China	3.14	Authoritarian regime	People's democratic dictatorship, socialist state and single-party communist state
137	Qatar	3.09	Authoritarian regime	Constitutional monarchy
138	Egypt	3.07	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential system, Republic
139	Côte d'Ivoire	3.02	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential system, republic
140	Vietnam	2.94	Authoritarian regime	Socialist republic, single-party communist state
141	Swaziland	2.90	Authoritarian regime	Absolute monarchy
142	Republic of the Congo	2.89	Authoritarian regime	Republic
143	Oman	2.86	Authoritarian regime	Islamic absolute monarchy
144	Guinea	2.79	Authoritarian regime	Military junta
144	Tunisia	2.79	Authoritarian regime	Republic
146	Zimbabwe	2.64	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential, parliamentary, consociationalist republic
146	Yemen	2.64	Authoritarian regime	Republic
148	United Arab Emirates	2.52	Authoritarian regime	Federalism, Constitutional monarchy
149	Tajikistan	2.51	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system
150	Afghanistan	2.48	Authoritarian regime	Islamic republic
151	Sudan	2.42	Authoritarian regime	Federalism, presidential system, republic
152	Eritrea	2.31	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential republic
152	Syria	2.31	Authoritarian regime	Presidential system, single party, republic
154	Djibouti	2.20	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential republic
155	Democratic Republic of the Congo	2.15	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential republic
156	Laos	2.10	Authoritarian regime	Socialist republic, single-party communist state
157	Guinea-Bissau	1.99	Authoritarian regime	Semi-presidential system, republic
158	Libya	1.94	Authoritarian regime	Jamahiriya ("State of the masses")
158	Iran	1.94	Authoritarian regime	Islamic republic
160	Equatorial Guinea	1.84	Authoritarian regime	Presidential republic
160	Saudi Arabia	1.84	Authoritarian regime	Islamic absolute monarchy
162	Central African Republic	1.82	Authoritarian regime	Republic
163	Myanmar (Burma)	1.77	Authoritarian regime	Military junta (de facto military dictatorship)
164	Uzbekistan	1.74	Authoritarian regime	Presidential republic
165	Turkmenistan	1.72	Authoritarian regime	Presidential republic single-party state
166	Chad	1.52	Authoritarian regime	Republic
167	North Korea	1.08	Authoritarian regime	Socialist republic, single-party state, Juche regime, police state